¿Cómo se crea un "asentamiento"?:prácticas de intervención, dinámica migratoria romaní y segregación urbana en Madrid

La tesis analiza el proceso de formación de las zonas de segregación y pobreza en la cuidad de Madrid (poblados, asentamientos, chabolas…) a través del estudio etnográfico de un asentamiento habitado por población romaní emigrada de Rumanía. El propósito de este análisis sobre prácticas de intervención y dinámicas migratorias es que sus resultados sean de utilidad para favorecer el acceso a derechos sociales de las personas que se encuentran en situación de vulnerabilidad, que habitan en zonas segregadas y que acaban expuestos de forma constante a la precariedad y a la violencia. Sin duda, los resultados del estudio pueden extrapolarse a otras poblaciones vulnerables que se encuentren en situaciones similares.Las explicaciones culturalistas relacionan la migración de las familias y la precariedad de las viviendas con la forma de vida nómada. Las representaciones sobre el nomadismo han legitimado las formas de intervención basadas en el desalojo, el derribo y el uso de dispositivos especializados en población romaní. La imagen del gitano nómada, como representación arquetípica, se activa continuamente en los momentos en los que se dan prácticas de movilidad..

Diversidad cultural en el contexto educativo

Los temas abordados en este capítulo fueron la diversidad cultural en el contexto educativo español, la multiculturalidad y la necesidad del enfoque intercultural en dicho contexto.2022-2

Clinical and Economic Evaluation after Adopting Contingent Cell-Free DNA Screening for Fetal Trisomies in South Spain.

Contingent cell-free (cf) DNA screening on the basis of the first-trimester combined test (FCT) results has emerged as a cost-effective strategy for screening of trisomy 21 (T21). Objectives: To assess performance, patients’ uptake, and cost of contingent cfDNA screening and to compare them with those of the established FCT. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study including all singleton pregnancies attending to their FCT for screening of T21 at 2 university hospitals in South Spain. When the FCT risk was ≥1:50, there were major fetal malformations, or the nuchal translucency was ≥3.5 mm, women were recommended invasive testing (IT); if the risk was between 1:50 and 1:270, women were recommended cfDNA testing; and for risks bellow 1:270, no further testing was recommended. Detection rate (DR), false-positive rate (FPR), patients’ uptake, and associated costs were evaluated. Results: We analyzed 10,541 women, including 46 T21 cases. DR of our contingent strategy was 89.1% (41/46) at 1.4% (146/10,541) FPR. Uptake of cfDNA testing was 91.2% (340/373), and overall IT rate was 2.0%. The total cost of our strategy was €1,462,895.7, similar to €1,446,525.7 had cfDNA testing not been available. Conclusions: Contingent cfDNA screening shows high DR, low IT rate, and high uptake at a similar cost than traditional screening.pre-print133 K

Oxidation of flame retardant Tetrabromobisphenol A by a biocatalytic nanofiber of chloroperoxidase

Background: Tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA), a flame retardant compound, is considered a ubiquitous pollutant, with potential impact on the environment and human health. Several technologies have been applied to accelerate its degradation and minimize environmental impacts. Due to its aromaticity character, peroxidase enzymes may be employed to carry out its transformation in mild conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine the capacity of the enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO) to oxidize TBBPA in several water samples. Methods: The oxidation capacity of CPO was evaluated in catalytic conditions using water samples from surface and groundwater, as well as effluents from wastewater treatment plants. The biocatalytic performance of CPO was improved due to its immobilization on nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan (PVA/chitosan). Results: Free and immobilized CPO were able to transform more than 80% in short reaction times (60 min); producing more biodegradable and less toxic products. Particularly, the immobilized enzyme was catalytically active in a wider range of pH than the free enzyme with the possibility of reusing it up to five times. Conclusions: The biocatalytic oxidation of TBBPA under environmental conditions is highly efficient, even in complex media such as treated effluents of wastewater treatment plantsThis research was funded by belongs to CRETUS and the Galician Competitive Research Group ED431C-2017/29 (co-funded by FEDER) and would like to thank the support granted by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: MODENA Project CTQ2016-79461-R (MT MOREIRA), co-funded by FEDERS

First symptoms and neurocognitive correlates of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

Q2Q1Artículo original957-970Background: Previous works highlight the neurocognitive differences between apathetic and disinhibited clinical presentations of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).However, little is knownregarding howthe early presentation (i.e., first symptom) is associated to the neurocognitive correlates of the disease’s clinical presentation at future stages of disease. Objectives: We analyzed the neurocognitive correlates of patients with bvFTD who debuted with apathy or disinhibition as first symptom of disease. Methods: We evaluated the neuropsychological, clinical, and neuroanatomical (3T structural images) correlates in a group of healthy controls (n = 30) and two groups of bvFTD patients (presented with apathy [AbvFTD, n = 18] or disinhibition [DbvFTD, n = 16]). To differentiate groups according to first symptoms, we used multivariate analyses. Results: The first symptom in patients described the evolution of the disease. AbvFTD and DbvFTD patients showed increased brain atrophy and increased levels of disinhibition and apathy, respectively. Whole brain analyzes in AbvFTD revealed atrophy in the frontal, insular, and temporal areas. DbvFTD, in turn, presented atrophy in the prefrontal regions, temporoparietal junction, insula, and temporoparietal region. Increased atrophy in DbvFTD patients (compared to AbvFTD) was observed in frontotemporal regions. Multivariate analyses confirmed that a set of brain areas including right orbitofrontal, right dorsolateral prefrontal, and left caudate were enough to distinguish the patients’ subgroups. Conclusion: First symptom in bvFTD patients described the neurocognitive impairments after around three years of disease, playing an important role in the early detection, disease tracking, and neuroanatomical specification of bvFTD, as well as in future research on potential disease-modifying treatments

Emociones políticas y virtudes epidémicas en el siglo XVIII

El proyecto se propone abrir nuevas vías en la enseñanza de las Humanidades en la UCM mediante la práctica de una historia de las ideas del siglo XVIII que atiende a los condicionantes materiales de la cultura y a la valoración de las emociones como índices de construcción de imágenes de lo privado y lo público. El proyecto pretende, por un lado, explorar los mecanismos materiales de producción de ideas y creencias compartidas por la sociedad del siglo XVIII, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes contextos de la Ilustración Francesa, Alemana, Judía y Escocesa, con especial atención a la formación de metáforas políticas y a las emociones estéticamente más aceptadas y difundidas en la época analizada. La otra dimensión estudiada por el proyecto se refiere a los procesos de configuración de lo público y la crítica intelectual del poder, tomando como instrumento de análisis la comunicación de ideas materializada en la correspondencia, en la prensa, en los libros y en el proyecto de la Enciclopedia. Este programa de trabajo tendrá como principal destinatario el alumnado de Grado, Máster y Doctorado de la UCM, al que se invitará a las sesiones de trabajo del equipo, especialmente al matriculado en las asignaturas impartidas durante el curso 2016/17 por la IP. El proyecto reúne a destacados especialistas de la UCM y de otras universidades madrileñas y españolas, además de contar entre sus miembros con estudiantes de doctorado, que propiciarán la difusión de las actividades entre los estudiantes UCM, y con personal de administración y servicios, a los que se asignarán tareas relacionadas con la difusión y transferencia de los resultados del proyecto, a la sociedad, a la comunidad universitaria UCM y a los estudiantes Erasmus que reciba en el curso 2016/17 la Facultad de Filosofía de la UCM

Zinc-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Proton-Activatable Agent for Dose Range Verification in Proton Therapy

Proton therapy allows the treatment of specific areas and avoids the surrounding tissues. However, this technique has uncertainties in terms of the distal dose fall-off. A promising approach to studying the proton range is the use of nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents that produce detectable signals. For this, we developed an iron oxide nanoparticle doped with Zn (IONP@Zn-cit) with a hydrodynamic size of 10 nm and stability in serum. Cytotoxicity, defined as half of the surveillance, was 100 μg Zn/mL in the U251 cell line. The effect on clonogenic cell death was tested after X-ray irradiation, which suggested a radioprotective effect of these nanoparticles at low concentrations (1–10 μg Zn/mL). To evaluate the production of positron emitters and prompt-gamma signals, IONP@Zn-cit was irradiated with protons, obtaining prompt-gamma signals at the lowest measured concentration (10 mg Zn/mL). Finally, 67Ga-IONP@Zn-cit showed accumulation in the liver and spleen and an accumulation in the tumor tissue of 0.95% ID/g in a mouse model of U251 cells. These results suggest the possibility of using Zn nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents to verify the range by prompt gamma detection and face the challenges of prompt gamma detection in a specific biological situation, opening different avenues to go forward in this field

Spanish home enteral nutrition registry of the year 2014 and 2015 from the NADYA-SENPE Group

Objetivo: exponer los resultados del registro de nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del año 2014 y 2015 del Grupo NADYA-SENPE. Métodos: se recopilaron los pacientes introducidos en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014 y la mismas fechas de 2015, y se procedió al análisis descriptivo y analítico de los datos. Resultados: en el año 2014, se registraron 3.749 pacientes y en 2015, 4.202; la prevalencia fue de 80,58 pacientes/millón de habitantes en el año 2014 y de 90,51 en 2015. Por sexos, hubo un 49,9% de mujeres en 2014 y un 50,3% en 2015. La edad media fue de 73 años (IIQ 59-83) en ambos años. Finalizaron 684 episodios de NED en 2014 y 631 en 2015, la causa principal fue el fallecimiento en el 54,9% y 50,4% de los casos, respectivamente. Los portadores de sonda nasogástrica presentan una edad media superior a los pacientes con cualquier otra vía (p < 0,001). Se registraron 67 pacientes pediátricos en 2014 (56,7% niñas) y 77 en 2015 (55,8% niñas). La vía principal de administración fue la gastrostomía en el 52,0% de los casos de 2014 y sonda nasogástrica en el 50,8% de los casos de 2015. La causa principal de fi nalización de la nutrición fue el fallecimiento (57,1% en 2014 y 38,5% en 2015). Se observó que los niños más pequeños eran los que se alimentaban preferentemente por SNG (p 0,004 vs. 0,002).Tanto en pacientes pediátricos como en adultos el diagnóstico principal que motivó la necesidad de NED fue la enfermedad neurológica que cursa con afagia o disfagia severa. Conclusiones: se ha incrementado el número de pacientes del registro, así como el número de centros participantes y el número medio de pacientes comunicados por cada centro respecto a años anteriores, sin que se hayan modificado sustancialmente las características de los pacientes, salvo mayor duración de los episodiosObjective: To present the results of the Spanish home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group for the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: From January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2015 the HEN registry was recorded and afterwards a further descriptive and analytical analysis was done. Results: In 2014, 3749 patients were recorded, and 4202 in 2015; prevalence was 80.58 patients/one million inhabitants in Spain in 2014 and 90.51 in 2015. There were 49.9% females in 2014 and 50.3% in 2015. Median age was 73 years (IQI 59-83) in 2014 as well as in 2015. 684 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 631 in 2015, with death as the main cause, in 54.9% and 50.4%, respectively. The ones who were fed through nasogastric tube had a mean age higher than the ones fed by any other route (p-value < 0.001). Sisty-seven paediatric patients were recorded in 2014 (56.7% females) and 77 in 2015 (55.8% females). Median age at the beginning of HEN among children was 5 months in 2014 and 5 months in 2015. The main route of administration was gastrostomy, in 52.5% in 2014 and nasogastric tube in 50.8% in 2015. 7 episodes fi nished in 2014 and 13 in 2015, having death as the main cause (57.1% in 2014 and 38.5% in 2015). It was found that were younger children the ones who were mainly fed by nasogastric tubes (p-value 0.004 vs. 0.002). Among paediatric patients as well as adults, the main diagnosis leading to HEN was neurological disease which gives aphagia or severe dysphagia. Conclusions: There has been an increase in the number of patients in the registry as well as the participating centers and the number of patients per center, without any signifi cant change in the characteristics of the patients other than longer duration of the episode

Contrapicados y puntos de fuga. Las otras historias de la historia de la filosofía

Depto. de Lógica y Filosofía TeóricaFac. de FilosofíaFALSEsubmitte

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis

To understand COVID-19 characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identify high-risk individuals due to their immunocompromised state resulting from the use of disease-modifying treatments. Retrospective and multicenter registry in patients with MS with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and available disease course (mild = ambulatory; severe = hospitalization; and critical = intensive care unit/death). Cases were analyzed for associations between MS characteristics and COVID-19 course and for identifying risk factors for a fatal outcome. Of the 326 patients analyzed, 120 were cases confirmed by real-time PCR, 34 by a serologic test, and 205 were suspected. Sixty-nine patients (21.3%) developed severe infection, 10 (3%) critical, and 7 (2.1%) died. Ambulatory patients were higher in relapsing MS forms, treated with injectables and oral first-line agents, whereas more severe cases were observed in patients on pulsed immunosuppressors and critical cases among patients with no therapy. Severe and critical infections were more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, with progressive MS forms, a longer disease course, and higher disability. Fifteen of 33 patients treated with rituximab were hospitalized. Four deceased patients have progressive MS, 5 were not receiving MS therapy, and 2 were treated (natalizumab and rituximab). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04-1.17) as the only independent risk factor for a fatal outcome. This study has not demonstrated the presumed critical role of MS therapy in the course of COVID-19 but evidenced that people with MS with advanced age and disease, in progressive course, and those who are more disabled have a higher probability of severe and even fatal diseas